Hypocalcaemia

Signs

 

Fall in level promotes tetanus

 

Chvostek sign

- tapping masseter muscle induces spasm

 

Trousseau Sign

-  flexion of thumb & wrist with extension of fingers

 

Carpopedal Spasm

 

ECG

 

Prolonged QT interval on ECG

 

Causes

 

1. Vit D Deficiency

- lack sunlight

- dietry lack

- malabsorption

- liver / renal disease

- anticonvulsants

 

2. Hypoparathryoidism

- throidectomy

- infiltrative (carcinoma, haemachromatosis)

- idiopathic

 

3. Hypothroidism

 

4. Hypophosphataemia (Vit D resistant Rickets)

 

5. Hypomagnesemia