clinical photo

Definition

Benign enlargement of the common digital branch

- usually 3rd webspace

Anatomy

Found at level of or just distal to MT heads

- deep to the deep transverse MT ligament

Epidemiology

Classically women between 40 and 60

Subungual haematoma 

Management

- < 50% of nail bed -> Decompress with needle

- > 50% -> remove nail and repair bed

Nail bed lacerations

Options

1.  > 50% nail lost

- will get hook nail

- ablate nail bed

Epidemiology

Usually occurs in patients over 60

- due to decreased vascularity & collagen weakness

Younger patient on steroids / growth hormone

Occasionally occurs in young athlete with excessive contracture

Aetiology

Often preceded by quadriceps tendinosis

Definition 

Flexion deformity PIPJ with

- MTPJ normal / simple

- MTPJ hyper-extended / complex

- DIPJ any position

- P1 may become subluxed or dislocated

Aetiology

Uncertain

Long second toe / MT

Hallux valgus

Tight shoes

Examination

1.  Antebrachial Compartment Syndrome

Aetiology

Supracondylar fracture of humerus

Both bone forearm fractures

Examination

Epidemiology

Male & Females > 60 years

- X-ray evidence of OA

Symptomatic 

- 25% females

- 15% males

Affected joints

Base thumb

PIPJ / Bouchard's nodes

DIPJ / Heberden's nodes

Conditions

Acro-osteolysis

SLE

Scleroderma

Psoriasis

Acro-osteolysis

Definition

Absorption of distal tuft of phalanx

DDx

Psoriasis

Scleroderma / Raynauds

Frost Bite

Hyperparathyroidism

Diabetes

Vasculitis

Leprosy

RA rarely

Gout

Definition

A valgus knee has a tibiofemoral angle of > 10^o

Causes

Inflammatory

- RA

Definition

No good definition

- flexible flat foot

- medial longitudinal arch of foot in weight-bearing is in contact with ground or closer to ground than 'normal'

Epidemiology

Common

- almost always bilateral

- strong familial tendency

Aetiology

Physiological

All infants have flat feet