spine

Osteoblastoma

Epidemiology

 

Uncommon

 

< 1% Primary bone tumour

 

Young boys

- second decade

 

Location

 

Similar to OO

 

Spine 30%

- especially posterior elements

 

Long bones 35%

 

Clinical

 

Back or limb pain

- pain less severe than OO

Anatomical Approach to Biopsy

Region specific approaches

 

Theory

- want to traverse one muscle / one compartment

- keep away from NV bundle

- as a rule perform open biopsy through compartment the tumour is in

- this is the compartment that will require surgical removal in wide excision

- direct approach without going through muscle if possible i.e. tibia, distal ulna

 

Lower Limb

 

Thigh

 

Multiple Hereditary Exostosis

AKA

 

Diaphyseal Aclasis / Multiple Osteochondromas

 

Definition

 

Heritable skeletal dysplasia

 

Epidemiology

 

AD with variable penetrance (96%)

 

Malignant Transformation

 

Incidence of malignant transformation much higher 

- 10% overall

- 1 % / year

 

Chondrosarcoma (CS) > Osteosarcoma (OS)

 

Osteoid Osteoma

Definition

 

Benign, bone-forming neoplasm

- characterized by a small nidus of neoplastic tissue

- surrounded by a wide zone of mature, reactive bone

 

Epidemiology

 

10% of benign bone tumours

Age 5-25

M:F 2:1

 

Aetiology

 

Unknown

- thought may be glomus tumour of bone

 

Pain secondary to prostaglandin production

 

Inflammatory Arthopathies

Gout

 

No pathognomonic signs for gout

- identification of negative birefringent crystals under polarising light 

- trial of indomethacin if suspected

 

Inflammatory Bowel Disease / Enteropathic

 

Crohn's & Ulcerative Colitis

- spinal manifestation similar to Ankylosing Spondylitis

- 15-60% of IBD

 

Two different forms

- mild & asymptomatic