Whiplash

Definition

 

Isolated posterior ligament injuries

- PLL / Posterior interspinous ligament / Paraspinal muscles

 

Excludes fracture / dislocation / HNP

 

Aetiology

 

MVA

Sport

Hyperflexion injuries

 

Symptoms

 

Large spectrum clinical presentation

- neck ache 

- nausea & vomiting 

- headache 

- visual symptoms

 

Prognosis

 

Dufton et al Spine 2006

- study of 2000 patients looking at poor prognostic factors

- older age > female > higher pain intensity > legal action

 

Other studies

- radiculopathy symptoms

 

NHx

 

42% Symptoms > 1 years

36% Symptoms > 2 years

 

Chronic pain

 

Likely related to facet joints

 

Management

 

Physiotherapy / Collar / Reassurance