epidemiology
Periosteal Osteosarcoma
Definition
Intermediate grade chondroblastic osteosarcoma arising from surface of long bones
Epidemiology
Extremely rare
- 1% of all osteosarcomas
- 25% of surface osteosarcomas
Age 15-25
Location
Typically anterior proximal tibia
- diaphysis of major long bones
- humerus
Pathology
Background
Epidemiology
National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center (2021) Facts and figures at a glance
- road traffic accident 40%
- falls 30%
- sports 10%
Chen et al Arch Phys Med Rehab 2016
- 80% male
- cervical (60%), thoracic (30%), lumbar (10%)
Femoral neck stress fractures
Femoral Neck Stress Fractures
Aetiology
Athletes with increase activity / distance
Women with eating disorders / amenorrhea
Types
Compression / inferior neck
- < 50% protective weight bear
- > 50% emergent ORIF
Tension side / superior neck
- emergent ORIF
Pectoralis Major Tears
Epidemiology
Middle age men
Steroids / Growth Hormone
Aetiology
Usually occurs in gym
Bench Press
Clinical
Significant bruising in the acute phase
In chronic setting, ask patient to adduct against hip / resistance
Hoffa fracture
Definition
Coronal plane fracture of distal femoral condyle
- intra-articular
- often only attachment is posterior capsule
Epidemiology
Rare
Mechanism
Usually a severe valgus trauma
Xray
Thigh Pain Uncemented Femur
Epidemiology
Ranges
- up to 4%
Clinical
Focal pain
- typically anterolateral thigh
- often tender
- corresponds to tip of stem
Aetiology
1. Instability
Types
- early
- late / failed bony ingrowth
Cause
- micromotion at distal stem
Background
Definition
Palmar Fibromatosis
Aetiology
AD with variable penetration
Pathogenesis
Murrell's Theory of Pathogenesis
1. Microvascular ischaemia
Paget's Disease
Definition
Chronic, non metabolic bone disorder
Characterised by increased bone resorption, bone formation and remodelling
Epidemiology
Rare < 40
1 – 3 % population over 60
M > F
Aetiology
Unknown
Paramyxovirus implicated
- measles
- RSV
- canine distemper virus
Electron Microscope