open reduction

Definition

Acute dislocation of the atlanto-axial facet joint

Present with acute torticollis

Etiology

Children

Epidemiology

Uncommon

- dancers

- athletes

Aetiology

Hyperdorsiflexion of the MTPJ

Pathology

MT head dislocates plantar

- may buttonhole through capsule

- can prevent closed reduction

Blocks to Reduction

1.  Sesamoids

2.  Conjoint tendon

3.  Intersesamoid Ligament

Definition

Fracture / plastic malformation of proximal ulna with dislocation of radial head

Xray

Radio-capitellar line disrupted

Epidemiology

Average age 6 years

20% distal humeral fracture

- second most common elbow fracture after supracondylar

Mechanism

Pull Off 

- more common 

- fracture begins posterolateral metaphysis

- LCL, ECRL & ECRB attached to fragment

Push off

- varus force to extended EJ

Classification