background

Epidemiology

Much less common than hip and knee OA
Patients tend to be younger

Epidemiology

National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center (2021) Facts and figures at a glance

- road traffic accident 40%

- falls 30%

- sports 10%

Chen et al Arch Phys Med Rehab 2016

- 80% male

- cervical (60%), thoracic (30%), lumbar (10%)

Definition

Congenital Talipes Equinovarus

Congenital abnormality of the foot characterised by 

- hindfoot equinus & varus 

- forefoot Adduction

- midfoot Supination

Latin: talus - ankle / pes - foot / equinus - horse like

Clinical

Foot

- pipe stem calf

- short wide foot

- small heel

- curved lateral border

Issues

Host

Wound

Operating room environment

Antibiotics

Operative technique

Post operative

Host

Immunocompromised

RA (0.9 v 2.2%)

Psoriasis

DM (6%)

Poor nutrition

Obesity

UTI

Prednisone

Previous operation

Previous infection

Age

Aim of Coagulation

To produce sufficient thrombin to rapidly convert soluble fibrinogen into insoluble mass of fibrin

Coagulation cascade must be localised & limited to site of tissue injury

Three phases

1.  Immediate Control of Blood Loss

Vascular Phase

- damage to blood vessel triggers reflex vasoconstriction

Platelet phase

Definition

Palmar Fibromatosis 

Aetiology

AD with variable penetration

Pathogenesis

Murrell's Theory of Pathogenesis

1. Microvascular ischaemia

Definition

Accumulation of calcium salts in the soft tissues

- Dystrophic or Metastatic

Different from bone formation

- calcification is typically amorphous calcium crystals

- ossification has bone organic matrix (Osteoid) & cells

Types

Dystrophic

Metastatic

Dystrophic

Definition

A fixed equinus deformity of the forefoot in relation to the hindfoot 

- resulting in an abnormally high arch that fails to flatten with weight bearing

- deformity may be forefoot, hindfoot or combination

Aetiology