techniques

Etiology

Ankle sprain

- eversion / external rotation

Ankle fractures

Types

1.  Standard trochanteric osteotomy

2.  Sliding trochanteric osteotomy

3.  Extended trochanteric osteotomy

Standard Trochanteric osteotomy

Advantage

1.  Reduce implant loosening

- offset load sharing to diaphysis

- 30% if > 70 mm

2. Restore optimal alignment

Indications

1.  Using augments or bone grafting

2.  Increased constraint 

- VVS / hinge

Options

Arthroscopic

- intra-articular

- suprapectoral

Open

- suprapectoral

- subpectoral

A.  Arthroscopic Intra-articular

Concept

Epidemiology

Dominant arm of middle aged men

- between 40 and 60

Aetiology

Sudden dramatic event

- sporting / weightlifting injury

- resisting heavy extension load

Pathology

Degenerative changes seen on histology

Types

Complete

- retracted / rupture of lacertus fibrosis

- minimally retracted