General Osteopenia

Primary

 

Type 1

- postmenopausal

- high turnover / osteoclast mediated

- F x 6

     

Type 2

- age-related / senile

- low turnover / osteoblast mediated

- F x 2

 

Can have both

 

Secondary / DDD NICE

 

Disuse

- prolonged bed rest

- inactivity

- paralysis

- space travel

 

Diet

- low Ca, vit C

- anorexia nervosa

 

Drugs

- heparin

- methotrexate

- ethanol

- steroids

 

Neoplasms

- metastatic disease

- myeloma

- lymphoma

- leukemia

- mastocytosis

 

Idiopathic

- adolescent (10-18yrs)

- middle-age men

 

Chronic Illness

- RA

- cirrhosis

- sarcoidosis

- renal tubular acidosis

 

Endocrine Abnormalities

- pituitary hypersecretion

- adrenal cortex excess

- ovary- oestrogen deficiency

- testis - testosterone deficiency

- hyperparathyroidism

- hyperthyroidism

- hypophosphatasia