xray

Definition

Benign intramedullary cartilage lesion

Etiology

Definition

Intermediate grade chondroblastic osteosarcoma arising from surface of long bones

Epidemiology

Extremely rare

- 1% of all osteosarcomas

- 25% of surface osteosarcomas

Age 15-25

Location

Typically anterior proximal tibia

- diaphysis of major long bones

- humerus

Pathology

Definition

Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL)

Heterotopic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament

Epidemiology

2:1 Male:Female

More common in Japanese and East Asian populations

Clay-shoveler's

Definition

Spinous process avulsion

- typically C7

- can be seen in thoracic spine

Mechanism

Spinous process avulsion secondary to ligamentum nuchae

Definition

Loss of ligamentous stability between atlas and axis

Can cause impingement of the spinal cord

Etiology

Definition

Injury to ulnar collateral ligament of thumb MCPJ

Interferes with pinch grip and grasp and thumb is ineffective as a post

Femoral Neck Stress Fractures

Aetiology

Athletes with increase activity / distance

Women with eating disorders /  amenorrhea

Types

Compression / inferior neck

- < 50% protective weight bear

- > 50% emergent ORIF

Tension side / superior neck

- emergent ORIF