HIV
Risk seroconversion
- 1 in 250
- 50% less with gloves & blunt needle
US Public Health Service Guidelines
- recommend 2 drug therapy for 4 weeks post exposure (AZT and 3TC)
- consider if patient's virus is resistant, and change medications accordingly
Hepatitis C
Seroconversion risk varied reports
Virchow's Triad
1. Venous stasis
2. Hypercoagulability
3. Endothelial damage
Starts as platelet nidus at valves
- thrombogenic materials elaborated by platelets
- leads to development of fibrin thrombus
- thrombus grows
Thrombus may
- detach as embolus
- be completely dissolved / recanalise
- organise with valve incompetence
Parosteal OS
- bone is not continuous with cortex in MO
3% incidence in elbow joint trauma to some degree
Non Ossifying Fibroma
A hamartomatous defect in the metaphyseal cortex of skeletally-immature adolescents
Fibrous cortical defect
- < 2cm in diameter
Non ossifying fibromas
- > 2cm
Acute disease
- characterised by generalized rigidity & convulsions
- caused by exotoxins/neurotoxins produced in Clostridia Tetani infections
Annual world mortality is 1 million
West 15-100/year
Clostridium Tetani
- anaerobic
- spore-bearing Gram positive Bacillus
Clostridial Myonecrosis
- necrotizing, gas producing infection of skeletal muscle 2° Clostridia
- life threatening & rapidly progressive
There are 3 types of bacterial gas-forming infections
1. Classical clostridial gas gangrene
- rapid onset of sepsis / couple of days
- muscle nearly always involved
- critically ill immediately following an open injury
Heterogeneous group of diseases characterised by
- hyperuricaemia
- recurrent attacks of acute arthritis
Diagnosis confirmed by
- crystals of Monosodium Urate in synovial fluid
- tophi ("Porous stone") urate in soft tissues
- renal urate stones
Adult men