nonoperative management

Mechanism

Direct blow

- most common

Indirect

- forced knee flexion with foot fixed / maximally contracted quadriceps

Types

1.  Vertical

2.  Transverse

Epidemiology

Adolescents & young adults

Usually between 12 - 21 years 

Throwing athletes / gymnasts

Little Leaguer's Elbow

- combination of capitellar OCD and MCL injury

- a repetitive throwing injury / seen in pitchers

Aetiology

1.  Trauma & Overuse

Common throwing sports / gymnastics

Epidemiology

M:F =2:1

30-40 years

20% diabetic

50-80% identifiable source

Site

Lumbar (50%) > Thoracic > Cervical (<10%)

Pathogenesis

1.  Haematogenous

- arterial rather than venous

Risk factors

- UTI (40% of all cases)

- IVDU

- elderly