investigation
Acute PLC Background
Anatomy
3 primary stabilizers (plus posterolateral capsule)
LCL / Popliteus / Popliteofibular ligament
Laprade et al. AJSM 2003
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14623649/
1. Lateral collateral ligament
Femoral attachment
PFFD
Definition
Proximal Focal Femoral Deficiency
- congenital malformation
- characterised by failure of normal development of the proximal femur
Epidemiology
Rare
- 1 in 50 000
Bilateral in 15%
- usually more severe
Association
Fibular hemimelia in 2/3
ACL deficient
Toe Walking
Epidemiology
70% male
70% positive FHx
20% learning difficulties
DDx toe walking
Early / late onset
Unilateral / bilateral
1. Habitual
Toddlers - child can heel walk
2. Structural
Fixed equinus - CTEV / arthrogryposis
Short / tight T Achilles
Space occupying lesion in calf