closed reduction

Definition

Acute dislocation of the atlanto-axial facet joint

Present with acute torticollis

Etiology

Children

Epidemiology

Average age 6 years

20% distal humeral fracture

- second most common elbow fracture after supracondylar

Mechanism

Pull Off 

- more common 

- fracture begins posterolateral metaphysis

- LCL, ECRL & ECRB attached to fragment

Push off

- varus force to extended EJ

Classification

History

Jacques LisFranc De St-Martin (1790 - 1847)

General Surgeon in Napoleonic army

Mechanism

High energy

1.  Twisting / Abduction injury of forefoot

- original description is fall from horse with foot caught in stirrups

- MVA

2.  Axial Loading