Supraclavicular
- nerve root patterns of sensation and motor disturbance
Infraclavicular
- peripheral nerve root pattern / cord
Supraclavicular preganglionic
- dorsal scapular / long thoracic / suprascapular nerves injured
- Horner's
- lack of sensation supraclavicular
- no tinel's
A fixed equinus deformity of the forefoot in relation to the hindfoot
- resulting in an abnormally high arch that fails to flatten with weight bearing
- deformity may be forefoot, hindfoot or combination
Intrinsic
- inflammatory
- degenerative
Extrinsic
- traumatic
- spur
F > 40
Associations 60% of cases
- hypertension
- diabetes
- obese
- trauma
- prior surgery
- steroids
Adolescent apophyseal avulsion
- treat non operatively
- unless displaced > 2 cm
Adult
- soft tissue avulsion
Usually associated with sporting activities
- skiing
- water skiing
Violent contraction
- knee extended
- hip flexing
Complain of pain with prolonged standing
Complain feet tire easily
Overall alignment
Heel raises
1. Persistent instability despite ORIF and LCL repair
2. Gross acute instability, not suitable for surgery
3. Delayed treatment > 4 weeks
1. PIPJ Synovitis
- synovectomy via dorsomedial approach
2. Flexor tenosynovitis
- may cause trigger finger
- trial HCLA
- remove synovits but don't release A1 pulley
- will worsen ulna drift
3. DIPJ
- rarely affects
Neck
- ROM
Shoulder
- behind head / to mouth
- to back pocket
Elbows
- flexion / extension elbows
- pronation / supination with thumb up & elbows by side
Wrist
- flexion / extension
Hand
- make fist with thumb in and out
Dominant arm of middle aged men
- between 40 and 60
Sudden dramatic event
- sporting / weightlifting injury
- resisting heavy extension load
Degenerative changes seen on histology
Complete
- retracted / rupture of lacertus fibrosis
- minimally retracted
Neck
- ROM
Shoulder
- behind head / to mouth
- to back pocket
Elbows
- flex / extend elbows
- pronation / supination with thumb up & elbows by side
Wrist
- flexion / extension
Hand
- make fist with thumb in and out