abdominal

Approaches

Options

 

Anterior

- thoracotomy

- thoracoabdominal

- abdominal

 

Posterior

 

Anterior Approaches

 

C2 - T2

- anterior cervical approach

- may have to split manubrium / sternotomy for lowest levels

 

T3 - T7

- thoracotomy

- patient on side left side up to avoid veins