Extrinsic
Shoe Wearing
Intrinsic
Hereditary
- generalised ligamentous laxity
- metatarsus primus varus
- hypermobile TMT
- joint configurations: oblique TMT / DMAA
- long or short first metatarsal
Acquired
- second toe amputation
- RA
- short achilles tendon
- valgus knee
- neurological conditions
- flatfoot