Examination
Examination
Aids
AFO / KAFO
- ankle foot orthosis
- knee ankle foot orthosis
GRAFO
- ground reaction AFO
Kaye walker
- seat on it
- co-ordinates walking
Reciprocal Gait Orthoses
Sitting
Short adducted leg - dislocated hip
Scoliosis
equinus
Hemiplegia
Problems
1. Lower limb
All walk
- Ankle > knee > hip
Ankle
- most require operations for ankles
LLD
- unilateral underdevelopment
- LLD 0-5cm (average 2cm)
2. Lower limb
- one handedness
- decrease movement in swing
- astereogenesis
- usual upper limb contractures