epidemiology

Definition

Intermediate grade chondroblastic osteosarcoma arising from surface of long bones

Epidemiology

Extremely rare

- 1% of all osteosarcomas

- 25% of surface osteosarcomas

Age 15-25

Location

Typically anterior proximal tibia

- diaphysis of major long bones

- humerus

Pathology

Epidemiology

National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center (2021) Facts and figures at a glance

- road traffic accident 40%

- falls 30%

- sports 10%

Chen et al Arch Phys Med Rehab 2016

- 80% male

- cervical (60%), thoracic (30%), lumbar (10%)

Femoral Neck Stress Fractures

Aetiology

Athletes with increase activity / distance

Women with eating disorders /  amenorrhea

Types

Compression / inferior neck

- < 50% protective weight bear

- > 50% emergent ORIF

Tension side / superior neck

- emergent ORIF

Epidemiology

Middle age men

Steroids / Growth Hormone

Aetiology

Usually occurs in gym

Bench Press

Clinical

Significant bruising in the acute phase

In chronic setting, ask patient to adduct against hip / resistance

Definition

Coronal plane fracture of distal femoral condyle

- intra-articular

- often only attachment is posterior capsule

Epidemiology

Rare

Mechanism

Usually a severe valgus trauma

Xray

Epidemiology

Ranges

- up to 4%

Clinical

Focal pain

- typically anterolateral thigh

- often tender

- corresponds to tip of stem

Aetiology

1.  Instability

Types

- early

- late / failed bony ingrowth

Cause

- micromotion at distal stem

Definition

Palmar Fibromatosis 

Aetiology

AD with variable penetration

Pathogenesis

Murrell's Theory of Pathogenesis

1. Microvascular ischaemia

Definition

Chronic, non metabolic bone disorder

Characterised by increased bone resorption, bone formation and remodelling

Epidemiology

Rare < 40

1 – 3 % population over 60

M > F

Aetiology

Unknown

Paramyxovirus implicated

- measles

- RSV

- canine distemper virus

Electron Microscope