definition

Definition

Chronic instability due to rupture of one or more parts of the lateral ligament

Anatomy

Progressive injury

1. Anterolateral capsule

2. ATFL

3. CFL

NHx

Can lead to ankle OA over time

Definitions

Corn

- accumulation of keratotic layers of epidermis

- thickened epithelium elevates prominence causing further pressure

Hard Corn

Due to extrinsic pressure from footwear

- most common on lateral aspect of 5th toe

- over head of proximal phalanx

Soft Corns

- on the condyle of proximal phalanx between the toes

Definition

Painful prominence of lateral eminence of 5th metatarsal head 

Coughlin Classification 

Type I deformity 

- prominent lateral condyle 5th metatarsal head

- lateral condylectomy

Type II deformity 

- lateral bowing of 5th metatarsal

- chevron osteotomy

Definition

Painful restriction of dorsiflexion of the great toe 

- secondary to degenerative changes in MTPJ

- initially pain and synovitis

- osteophytes don't form medially or on plantar aspect

Epidemiology 

Two peaks

1.  Adolescence F > M

2.  Middle Age M > F

Aetiology

Often Idiopathic

Trauma

Definition

Inflammation of achilles tendon; insertional or noninsertional

Spectrum

Tendonitis / Tendonosis / Rupture

Anatomy

Triceps surae

- medial and lateral gastrocnemius

- soleus

- surrounded by paratenon which allows gliding and supplies nutrition

Inserts middle 1/3 calcaneal tuberosity

- 2 x 2 cm area

- 90^o rotation distally

Retrocalcaneal bursa (x2)

Definition

Pain at attachment of thickened central part of plantar aponeurosis to Medial Calcaneal Tuberosity

Anatomy Plantar Fascia

Origin 

- medial calcaneal tuberosity

Inserts 

- 5 bands superfical & deep layers

Superficial

- insert transverse MT ligament & skin

Deep 

- flexor sheath, volar plate & periosteum of P1

Definition

Acquired Adult Flatfoot Deformity (AAFD)

- collapse of medial longitudinal arch

- secondary to ligament / tendon / joint or bony pathology

Classification

1. Congenital

Flexible / Physiological

Ligamentous Laxity (DIAL HOME)

Rigid 

- Congenital Vertical Talus 

- Tarsal Coalition

Definition

Pure Cavus Deformity characterised by 

- dorsiflexion of Calcaneus 

- plantarflexion of Forefoot

Aetiology

Weakness of Tendoachilles

Usually neuromuscular

- Polio (Most common worldwide) 

- Spina bifida

- CP (can be due to overcorrection of T Ach)

- Spinocerebellar Degen (Friedreich's Ataxia)

Anatomy

Lateral compartment of leg

- run through retromalleolar groove

- pass superior and inferior to peroneal tubercle

- covered by inferior peroneal retinaculum

Peroneus longus

- origin lateral condyle of tibia and head fibula

- tendon PL superficial and inferior to brevis in retromalleolar groove

- runs in cuboid groove 

- insert plantar surface base of 1st MT and lateral aspect medial cuneiform

Definition

Anterior displacement of peroneal tendons out of peroneal groove

Epidemiology

Most common in young adults

Acute injury often missed 

Aetiology

Congenital

3 % neonates

- resolves spontaneously

Traumatic  

Occurs following sporting activities