definition

Chondrosarcoma

Definition 

 

Malignant cartilage producing tumour 

 

Epidemiology

 

20% of primary bone tumours

 

3rd most common

- 1 in 500 000

 

Relatively non-aggressive / usually Grade I

 

Average age 40

 

Male > Females

 

Two Distinct Types

 

1.  Primary Chondrosarcoma

 

Arises de novo

Non-Ossifying Fibroma

AKA

 

Non Ossifying Fibroma

 

Definition

 

A hamartomatous defect in the metaphyseal cortex of skeletally-immature adolescents

 

Fibrous cortical defect 

- < 2cm in diameter

 

Non ossifying fibromas 

- > 2cm

 

Non Ossifying Fibroma

 

Aetiology

 

Giant Cell Tumour of Bone

Definition

 

Benign lesion with a wide spectrum of behavior characterized by stromal cells and giant cells

 

Epidemiology

 

Common

- 20% of benign tumours

 

More common females

- F:M = 1.5:1

- most tumours M>F

 

Usually patient in 20's

- usually after skeletal maturity

- 3% < epiphyseal closure

 

Eosinophilic Granuloma

Definition

 

Langerhan's Cell Histiocytosis

- non-neoplastic disorder

- characterised by infiltration by histiocytic cells (Monocyte / macrophage lineage)

 

Group of granulomatous inflammatory processes of unknown aetiology

- involve the reticuloendothelial component of the bone marrow, parenchymal organs, and skin

 

Types 

 

E - H - L

 

Chondroblastoma

Definition

 

Rare cartilage tumour 

 

Epidemiology

 

1% of bone tumours / rare

- typically in adolescents

 

NHx

 

Usually benign

- but aggressive / frankly malignant behaviour reported

- locally aggressive

- can have pulmonary metastasis

 

Location

 

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Definition 

 

A chronic systemic, autoimmune inflammatory disease of unknown cause

 

Epidemiology

 

1% of population

 

M:F = 1:3

 

Peak onset 40 years

 

Most common inflammatory arthropathy

 

Aetiology

 

Autoimmune

- trigger not identified

- cell mediated immune response

 

Gout

DefinitionElbow Gout

 

Heterogeneous group of diseases characterised by

- hyperuricaemia

- recurrent attacks of acute arthritis

 

Diagnosis confirmed by

- crystals of Monosodium Urate in synovial fluid

- tophi ("Porous stone") urate in soft tissues

- renal urate stones

 

Epidemiology

 

Adult men

OA

Definition

 

No accepted definition

 

Chronic joint disorder in which there is progressive softening and disintegration of articular cartilage

- accompanied by new growth of cartilage and bone at the joint margins

- these changes secondary to mechanical failure of hyaline cartilage

 

Essentially no inflammatory component

 

Classification

 

Primary 

 

Idiopathic

OCD

DefinitionTalus OCD MRI Coronal

 

Fracture talus through articular cartilage into subchondral bone

- 2° force transmitted from distal tibia

 

Osteochondritis dissecans v osteochondral fracture

 

Epidemiology

 

6% ankle sprains

Average age = 25 

M > F

 

Location