definition

Whiplash

Definition

 

Isolated posterior ligament injuries

- PLL / Posterior interspinous ligament / Paraspinal muscles

 

Excludes fracture / dislocation / HNP

 

Aetiology

 

MVA

Sport

Hyperflexion injuries

 

Symptoms

 

Large spectrum clinical presentation

- neck ache 

- nausea & vomiting 

- headache 

- visual symptoms

Non Union

Definition

 

Non-union

- arrest of progression to union at fracture site 

- > 6-9 /12

- no visible progressive signs of healing for at least three consecutive months

- individualise for each fracture

- when the surgeon believes the fracture has little or no chance to heal

 

Delayed union

- failure of fracture to unite within expected time

- still may spontaneously unite

 

Spinal Cord Concussion

Definition

 

Transient disturbance of spinal cord function

- +/- vertebral column injury

- no pathological changes in spinal cord

 

Mechanism

 

Rapid change in velocity following trauma

- football / ice hockey

 

Associations

 

Congenitally narrow spinal cord

Hypermobility

 

Hemophilia

Definition

 

Hereditary bleeding disorder due to defective and/or deficient factor VIII molecule

 

Inherited X-linked recessive disorder

- occurs almost solely in males

- female carriers usually asymptomatic

- 30% have no family history

 

Haemophilia A

 

FVIII deficiency

 

X-linked disorder

- 1:10 000

- all ethnic groups

Sportsman's Hernia

Definition

 

Groin pain in athletes

- secondary to tear in external oblique fascia

 

Epidemiology

 

Sports with aggressive adduction

- hockey / soccer

 

Pathology

 

Tears in external oblique fascia

- tend to be central

- around spermatic cord and ilioinguinal nerve

- pain may be from nerve entrapment

 

DDx

 

Adductor Longus Tear

Background

Definition

 

A fixed equinus deformity of the forefoot in relation to the hindfoot 

- resulting in an abnormally high arch that fails to flatten with weight bearing

- deformity may be forefoot, hindfoot or combination

 

Foot CavusFoot Cavovarus

 

Aetiology

 

Background

DefinitionHallux Valgus Severe

 

Bunion

- medial prominence of head of 1st MT

 

Hallux Valgus

- medial deviation 1st MT

- lateral deviation of great toe

 

Anatomy

 

Metatarsal head

- has 2 grooves separating ridge (cristae)

 

Heterotopic ossification

Definition

 

Pathological bone formation in soft tissues

 

Epidemiology

 

In elbow

- 3% of trauma

- 89% if head injury + trauma

 

Types

 

Completely different

 

1.  Myosisitis Ossificans Circumscripta

- post traumatic

- more common

- recognised as a consequence of neurological injury