Facet joint dislocations secondary flexion distraction injury
10%
1. Unifacet subluxation - interspinous process widening
2. Unifacet dislocation - 25% anterolisthesis
3. Bifacet dislocation - 50% anterolisthesis
4. Complete vertebral translation - 100% anterolisthesis
Usually young patients
- 15 - 40
15% compound
High velocity injury
- MBA
- MVA
- pedestrian v car
- fall from height
EMST principles
- need for transfusion not uncommon
Congenital fibrous, cartilaginous or bony connection of 2 or more tarsal bones
- due to failure of segmentation
Peroneal Spastic Flat Foot
- tarsal coalition
- tarsal pain
- reduced STJ motion
- rigid pes planus
- peroneal muscle spasm / tightness
Present in 6% of population
- symptomatic in 1% of population
Bilateral in 50%